Structuring an Argument for Presentations, Exams, and Papers

David B. Dennis History Home


Below I have sketched out a very basic outline for the kind of analysis you must develop.  Your essay should be organized to demonstrate how a variety of contextual themes are communicated in the work.

I.     Introduction

[Your introduction should: a) provide background on the context b) provide background on the work c) explain exactly what you will be proving in the rest of the paper, and d) how you will do so.  In general, this will take the conceptual form of an upside down triangle (general to specific).]

A.    Background about the “context”, establishing major themes (gleaned from our class conversations, our background reading, etc.).

B.    Background about the creator

C.    Background of the work: origins, significance, etc.

D.   Statement of thesis and plan of argument: that the work is representative of its “context,” since it conveys some or all of the themes addressed above (in the order that they will be covered in the body).
For example: “This paper will demonstrate that [my primary source] is highly representative of the major themes of [the related cultural context], namely: 1, 2, 3, 4….”  This thesis with plan is absolutely necessary in any paper. 

II.   Evidence of Theme One in the work

[In each body section you must first establish the importance of each theme in the culture in general—make brief reference to some other examples, whether from “history” or the arts—then move to your example. Thus, body sections must include at least two separate paragraphs or sub-sections: A & B.]

A.    Information about this theme in the context in general

1.     (Smooth transition from previous section, using conjunctions and subtle references to preceding material)

2.     Material about the theme of the context, from our background reading, discussion, or other sources

a)      

b)     

c)      

B.    Details in the work

1.                                  Proof that the theme is communicated in the work: each of these sections must be supported with very specific evidence from the source itself.

a)      

b)     

c)      

2.                                  Close each section by reiterating how it supports your thesis

III.  Evidence of Theme Two in the work

[In each body section you must first establish the importance of each theme in the culture in general—make brief reference to some other examples, whether from “history” or the arts—then move to your example. Thus, body sections must include at least two separate paragraphs or sub-sections: A & B.]

A.    Information about this theme in the context in general

1.     (Smooth transition from previous section, using conjunctions and subtle references to preceding material)

2.     Material about the theme of the context, from our background reading, discussion, or other sources

a)      

b)     

c)      

B.    Details in the work

1.                                  Proof that the theme is communicated in the work: each of these sections must be supported with very specific evidence from the source itself.

a)      

b)     

c)      

IV. Evidence of Theme Three in the work

[In each body section you must first establish the importance of each theme in the culture in general—make brief reference to some other examples, whether from “history” or the arts—then move to your example. Thus, body sections must include at least two separate paragraphs or sub-sections: A & B.]

A.    Information about this theme in the context in general

1.     (Smooth transition from previous section, using conjunctions and subtle references to preceding material)

2.     Material about the theme of the context, from our background reading, discussion, or other sources

a)      

b)     

c)      

B.    Details in the work

1.                                  Proof that the theme is communicated in the work: each of these sections must be supported with very specific evidence from the source itself.

a)      

b)     

c)      

Etc. [The body must include a minimum of three sections, but could consist of many more.]

V.    ( . . .) Conclusion: Develop a full conclusion in which you strongly reiterate your thesis and the ways you have demonstrated it.  Write it with some passion!

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